Dasar-dasar Ontologis Ilmu Pengetahuan dalam Epstimologi Islam

Abstract

This study aims to examine the ontological foundations of knowledge within the framework of Islamic epistemology. Ontology, as a branch of philosophy that discusses the nature of existence, has a distinctive dimension in the Islamic intellectual tradition because it departs from the paradigm of tawhid as its central axis. Unlike the Western epistemological tradition which tends to separate subject and object of knowledge within a secular framework, Islamic epistemology integrates transcendental, rational, and empirical dimensions within a unified cosmological system derived from the Qur'an and Sunnah. This research employs a qualitative method with a philosophicalanalytical and comparative approach, examining the views of classical and contemporary Muslim thinkers such as Al-Kindi, Ibn Sina, AlGhazali, and Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas. The findings demonstrate that the ontology of knowledge in Islam is built upon three fundamental pillars: (1) the concept of wujud (existence) originating from the Absolute Existence (Allah), (2) the hierarchy of reality encompassing the material world, the imaginal world, and the intellectual world, and (3) the epistemic relationship between reason, revelation, and empirical experience. This study contributes to the understanding that the Islamization of knowledge is not merely a process of formalization, but a fundamental ontological transformation.