Dari Peradaban Islam ke Kebangkitan Eropa: Penyebaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Muslim dalam Transformasi Intelektual Barat

Abstract

The intellectual transformation of the West cannot be separated from the significant contributions of Islamic civilization during the Middle Ages. During this period, the Islamic world emerged as a major center of knowledge, preserving, developing, and transmitting scientific and philosophical traditions inherited from Greek, Persian, and Indian civilizations. Through prominent institutions such as the House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah) in Baghdad, Muslim scholars translated classical works, critically examined them, and produced original contributions in various fields, including philosophy, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences. This accumulated body of knowledge was later transmitted to Europe through regions such as Al-Andalus and Sicily, primarily through large-scale translation movements into Latin. Influential Muslim thinkers, including Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and Averroes (Ibn Rushd), played a crucial role in shaping European intellectual discourse. These processes laid the foundation for the European Renaissance and stimulated the revival of scientific inquiry, rational thought, and educational development in the Western world. Therefore, the transmission of knowledge from Islamic civilization served as a vital bridge in the global transformation and continuity of human knowledge.