Tauhid Sebagai Paradigma Keilmuan: Rekontruksi Relasi Tuhan, Manusia dan Alam Semesta dalam Epistimologi Islam

Abstract

Tawhid, as the central doctrine of Islam, constitutes the fundamental basis of faith that shapes all aspects of Muslim belief and practice. Within a philosophical framework, Tawhid can be examined through the perspectives of epistemology and ontology. The epistemological dimension of Tawhid focuses on the sources and methods through which knowledge of God's oneness is acquired, including revelation (wahy), reason (‘aql), and spiritual experience. Meanwhile, the ontological dimension explores the nature of God's existence as the Absolute Being and His relationship with the created universe. This study employs a qualitative approach using philosophical and library research methods by analyzing primary sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and the works of classical Muslim thinkers, alongside contemporary scholarly literature. The findings indicate that Tawhid is not merely a theological doctrine but also a comprehensive philosophical paradigm that integrates revelation, reason, and empirical reflection into a unified framework of knowledge. From an ontological perspective, Tawhid affirms the absolute unity, uniqueness, and transcendence of God while maintaining His active relationship with creation. From an epistemological perspective, Tawhid provides an integrative foundation for knowledge by harmonizing rational inquiry with divine guidance. Consequently, Tawhid offers a holistic worldview capable of addressing contemporary intellectual challenges and contributing to the development of Islamic thought in the modern era.