Manajemen Konflik: Kajian Konseptual Tentang Teori, Tujuan, Prinsip, dan Jenis Konflik

Abstract

Conflict is a social phenomenon that is inseparable from human life due to
differences in interests, needs, values, goals, and perceptions among
individuals and groups. This article aims to examine the concept of
conflict, conflict theories, the objectives and principles of conflict
management, and various types of conflict occurring in social,
organizational, and educational settings. This study employs a library
research method by collecting and analyzing scientific sources, including
books, journals, and relevant scholarly articles related to conflict and
conflict management. The findings indicate that conflict is a process of
opposition arising from incompatibilities in interests, values, and
objectives among interacting parties. Conflict does not always produce
negative consequences; when managed effectively through appropriate
conflict management strategies, it can generate positive outcomes. Several
conflict theories, including Karl Marx’s Conflict Theory, Lewis A. Coser’s
Functional Conflict Theory, Morton Deutsch’s Constructive Conflict
Theory, and Rahim’s Conflict Management Theory, explain that conflict
can serve as a catalyst for social change, creativity enhancement, and
stronger social relationships. Furthermore, conflicts can be categorized
into several types, namely intrapersonal conflict, interpersonal conflict,
intragroup conflict, intergroup conflict, organizational conflict, and digital
conflict. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of conflict and conflict
management is essential for fostering harmonious social relationships,
improving organizational effectiveness, and supporting the achievement of
common goals in a constructive manner.